Research Publications

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Feasibility of implementation of CARD™ for school-based immunizations in Calgary, Alberta: a cluster trial.
Feasibility of implementation of CARD™ for school-based immunizations in Calgary, Alberta: a cluster trial.

Taddio A, Coldham J, Logeman C, McMurtry CM, Little C, Samborn T, Bucci LM, MacDonald NE, Shah V, Dribnenki C, Snider J, Stephens D. Feasibility of implementation of CARD™ for school-based immunizations in Calgary, Alberta: a cluster trial. BMC Public Health, 31 Jan 2021, 21(1):260. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10247-4

Managing pain and fear: Playing your CARDs to improve the vaccination experience.
Managing pain and fear: Playing your CARDs to improve the vaccination experience.

Taddio A, Ilersich A, McMurtry CM, Bucci LM, MacDonald NE. Managing pain and fear: Playing your CARDs to improve the vaccination experience. Can Commun Dis Rep 2021;47(1):87–91. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a12

Benchmarking public health pain management practices during school immunizations
Benchmarking public health pain management practices during school immunizations

Bucci LM, MacDonald NE, Freedman T, Taddio A. Benchmarking public health pain management practices during school immunizations. Can Commun Dis Rep 2020;46(10):367–72. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v46i10a10

The CARD™ System: A patient-centered care tool to ease pain and fear during school vaccinations
The CARD™ System: A patient-centered care tool to ease pain and fear during school vaccinations

The CARD™ System was designed with input from all the relevant stakeholders involved in school-based vaccinations, including students, public health staff, school staff, and parents. A stepwise approach was used to identify needs and preferences, develop tools and resources, and evaluate the impact of implementation (6). In a controlled cluster trial, students in schools implementing CARD™ (vs. control) reported less fear (OR=0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27 to 0.82) and dizziness (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.91).

Scientific publications on this topic 2009-2021:

  •  Taddio A, Bucci L, Logeman C, Gudzak V. The CARD™ System: A patient-centered care tool to ease pain and fear during school vaccinations [Internet]. CANVax. 2020. Available from: https://canvax.ca/brief/cardtm-system-patient-centred-care-tool-ease-pain-and-fear-during-school-vaccinations

  • Logeman C, Taddio A, McMurtry M, Bucci L, MacDonald N, Chalmers G, Gudzak V, Shah V, Coldham J, Little C, Samborn T, Snider J, Dribnenki C. Student feedback to tailor the CARD™ system for improving the immunization experience at school. Children 2020; 7, 126; doi: 10.3390/children7090126

  • Taddio A, MacDonald N. Addressing vaccine hesitancy in travelers: The CARD™ System. J Travel Med. 2019 Aug 16. pii: taz056. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taz056.

  • Taddio A. Pain Pain Go Away: Improving the vaccination experience at school. Paediatr Child Health. 2019Apr;24(Suppl 1):S1-S2. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz016. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  • Taddio A, McMurtry CM, Bucci LM, MacDonald N, Ilersich ANT, Ilersich ALT, Alfieri-Maiolo A, deVlaming-Kot C, Alderman L; Pain Pain Go Away Team. Overview of a Knowledge Translation (KT) Project to improve the vaccination experience at school: The CARD™ System. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Apr;24(Suppl 1):S3-S18. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz025. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  • Freedman T, Taddio A, McMurtry CM, Wong H, MacDonald N, McDowall T, deVlaming-Kot C, Alderman L; Pain Pain Go Away Team. Involving stakeholders in informing the development of a Knowledge Translation (KT) intervention to improve the vaccination experience at school. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Apr;24(Suppl 1):S19-S28. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz017. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  • Taddio A, Freedman T, Wong H, McMurtry CM, MacDonald N, Ilersich ANT, Ilersich ALT, McDowall T; Pain Pain Go Away Team. Stakeholder feedback on The CARD™ System to improve the vaccination experience at school. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Apr;24(Suppl 1):S29-S34. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz018. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  • Taddio A, Ilersich ANT, Ilersich ALT, Schmidt C, Chalmers G, Wilson E, McMurtry CM, MacDonald N, Bucci LM, Freedman T, Wong H; Pain Pain Go Away Team. Piloting The CARD™ System for education of students about vaccination: Does it improve the vaccination experience at school? Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Apr;24(Suppl 1):S35-S41. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz019. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  • Freedman T, Taddio A, Alderman L, McDowall T, deVlaming-Kot C, McMurtry CM, MacDonald N, Alfieri-Maiolo A, Stephens D, Wong H, Boon H; Pain Pain Go Away Team. The CARD™ System for improving the vaccination experience at school: Results of a small-scale implementation project on student symptoms. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Apr;24(Suppl 1):S42-S53. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz020. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  • Taddio A, Alderman L, Freedman T, McDowall T, McMurtry CM, MacDonald N, deVlaming-Kot C, Alfieri-Maiolo A; Pain Pain Go Away Team. The CARD™ System for improving the vaccination experience at school: Results of a small-scale implementation project on program delivery. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Apr;24(Suppl 1):S54-S67. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz021. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
    Senior Author. Total Contribution: 80% including; concept, design, analysis and interpretation, drafting manuscript.

  • Loeffen EAH, Kremer LCM, van de Wetering MD, Mulder RL, Font-Gonzalez A, Dupuis LL, Campbell F, Tissing WJE; Pain in Children with Cancer Guideline Development Panel (Taddio A). Reducing pain in children with cancer: Methodology for the development of a clinical practice guideline. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019 Jun;66(6):e27698. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27698. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

  • Wong H, Moss C, Moss SM, Shah V, Halperin SA, Ito S, Mithal P, Qu A, Taddio A. Effect of alcohol skin cleansing on vaccination-associated infections and local skin reactions: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018 Dec 4. Doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1553474. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30513266

  • Gennis H, Pillai Riddell R, O’Neill MC, Katz J, Taddio A, Garfield H, Greenberg S. Parental psychological distress moderates the impact of a video intervention to help parents manage young child vaccination pain. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018;43(10):1170-1178. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy058.

  • Taddio A, Shah V, Bucci L, MacDonald NE, Wong H, Stephens D. Effectiveness of a hospital-based postnatal parent education intervention about pain management during infant vaccination: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2018 Oct 22; 190(42):E1245-E1252. Doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180175.

  • Mithal P, Simmons P, Cornelissen T, Wong H, Pillai Riddell, McMurtry CM, Burry L, Stephens D, Taddio A. To look or not to look during vaccination: a pilot randomized trial. Can J Pain. 2018;1(2):1-8. OPEN

  • Pillai Riddell R, O'Neill MC, Campbell L, Taddio A, Greenberg S, Garfield H. The ABCDs of pain management: a double-blind randomized controlled trial examining the impact of a brief educational video on infants' and toddlers' pain scores and parent soothing behavior. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018;43(3):224-233. OPEN

  • Gerges S, Peter E, Bowles SK, Diamond S, Bucci LM, Resnick A, Taddio A. Pharmacists as vaccinators: an analysis of their experiences and perceptions of their new role. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(2):471-477.

  • Noel M, McMurtry CM, Pavlova M, Taddio A. Brief clinical report: A systematic review and meta-analysis of pediatric memory reframing interventions for needle procedures. Pain Pract. 2018;8(1):123-129. OPEN

  • McNair C, Fung M, Taddio A, Ipp M, Moss S, Baker S, Tolkin J, Dave M, Feerasta S, Govan P, Pillai Riddell R. Parent-led interventions in reducing infant vaccination pain after participation in a longitudinal randomized control trial. Paediatr Child Health. 2017;22(4):217-219.

  • Bucci LM, Sondagar C, MacDonald N, Taddio A. Taking the sting out of school based immunizations. Paediatrics & Child Health. 2017;22(1):41-42.

  • Taddio A, Pillai Riddell R, Ipp M, Moss S, Baker S, Tolkin J, Dave M, Feerasta S, Govan P, Fletcher E, Wong H, McNair C, Mithal P, Stephens D. A longitudinal randomized controlled trial of the impact of consistent pain management for infant vaccinations on future vaccination distress. J Pain. 2017 Sep;18(9):1060-1066.

  • Campbell-Yeo M, Dol J, Disher T, Benoit B, Sheffield K, Chambers CC, Harrison D, Hewitt B, Jangaard K, Orr T, Stinson J, Taddio A, Totten A. The power of a parent's touch: evaluation of reach and impact of a targeted evidence-based YouTube video. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2017;31(4):341-349.

  • Taddio A, Pillai Riddell R, Ipp M, Moss S, Baker S, Tolkin J, Malini D, Feerasta S, Govan P, Fletcher E, Wong H, McNair C, Mithal P, Stephens D. Relative effectiveness of additive pain interventions during vaccination in infants. CMAJ. 2017;189(6):E227-E234. OPEN

  • Harrison D, Reszel J, Bueno M, Sampson M, Shah VS, Taddio A, Larocque C, Turner L. Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 28;10:CD011248.

  • Taddio A, Wong H, Welkovics B, Ilersich AL, Cole M, Goldbach M, Ipp M. A randomized trial of the effect of vaccine injection speed on acute pain in infants. Vaccine. 2016;34(39):4672-4677.

  • Racine NM, Pillai Riddell RR, Flora DB, Taddio A, Garfield H, Greenberg S. Predicting preschool pain-related anticipatory distress: the relative contribution of longitudinal and concurrent factors. Pain. 2016;157(9):1918-1932.

  • Rebelo Pacheco S, Abadesso C, Monteiro A, Taddio A. Pain management during childhood vaccination injections in Portugal - a call to action. Acta Paediatr. 2016;105(8):e338.

  • Pottie K, Siu W, Duclos P; Members of the WHO Technical Consultation on Pain Mitigation (Taddio A). New recommendations to prevent pain during immunizations: WHO position paper - September 2015. Vaccine. 2016;34(32):3627-3628.

  • Taddio A, Wong H, Welkovics B, Ilersich AL, Cole M, Goldbach M, Ipp M. A randomized trial of the effect of vaccine injection speed on acute pain in infants. Vaccine. 2016 Aug 12. pii: S0264-410X(16)30695-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.023.
    PMID: 27527817

  • Racine NM, Pillai Riddell RR, Flora DB, Taddio A, Garfield H, Greenberg S. Predicting preschool pain-related anticipatory distress: the relative contribution of longitudinal and concurrent factors. Pain. 2016 Sep;157(9):1918-1932.
    PMID: 27276117

  • Rebelo Pacheco S, Abadesso C, Monteiro A, Taddio A. Pain management during childhood vaccination injections in Portugal - a call to action. Acta Paediatr. 2016 Aug;105(8):e338.
    doi: 10.1111/apa.13434.
    PMID: 27102231

  • Pillai Riddell R, Gennis H, Taddio A, Racine N. Are parents really that important to managing vaccination pain during infancy? Pain Manag. 2016;6(1):13-7.
    doi: 10.2217/pmt.15.54. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
    PMID: 26679291

  • Taddio A, Parikh C, Yoon E, Sgro M, Singh H, Habtom E, Ilersich A, Pillai Riddell R, Shah V. Impact of parent-directed education on parental use of pain treatments during routine infant vaccinations: a cluster randomized trial. Pain 2015; 156(1):185-191. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599314

  • Farcas C, Solodiuk J, Taddio A, Franck L, Berberich FR, LoChiatto J, Solodiuk JC. Publically available educational videos to reduce pediatric needle pain: a scoping review. Clin J Pain 2014 Dec 30. PMID 25551476.

  • Franck LS, Berberich FR, Taddio A. Parent participation in a childhood immunization pain reduction methods. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015;54(3):228-235. doi: 10.1177/0009922814561593.

  • Taddio A, Rogers J. Why are children still crying? Going beyond "evidence" in guideline development to improve pain care for children: The HELPinKIDS experience. Pain. 2015;156(Suppl 1):S127-S135. PMID: 25789430. Abstract

  • Taddio A, Smart S, Sheedy M, Yoon EW, Vyas C, Parikh C, Pillai Riddell R, Shah V. Impact of prenatal education on maternal utilization of analgesic interventions at future infant vaccinations: a cluster randomized trial. Pain 2014;155(7):1288-92.

  • Taddio A, Ilersich AF, Ilersich AN, Wells J. From the mouth of babes – getting vaccinated doesn’t have to hurt. Can J Inf Dis Med Microbiol 2014; 25(4):196-200.

  • Taddio A, Ho T, Vyas C, Thivakaran S, Jamal A, Ilersich AF, Hogan M-E, Shah V. A randomized controlled trial of clinician-led tactile stimulation to reduce pain during vaccination in infants. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2014;53(7):639-644.

  • Taddio A, Ipp M, Vyas C, Parikh C, Smart S, Thivakaran S, Jamal A, Stephens D, Shah V. Teaching parents to manage pain during infant immunizations: laying the foundation for better pain management practices. Clin J Pain 2014;30(11):987-94.

  • Taddio A, MacDonald NE, Smart S, Parikh C, Allen V, Halperin B, Shah V. Impact of a parent-directed pamphlet about pain management during infant vaccinations on maternal knowledge and behavior. Neonatal Netw 2014;33(2):74-82.

  • Chan S, Pielak K, McIntyre C, Deeter B, Taddio A. Implementation of a new clinical practice guideline regarding pain management during childhood vaccine injections. Paediatr Child Health 2013; 18(7):367-372.

  • Hogan M-E, Probst J, Wong K, Pillai Riddell R, Katz J, Taddio A. A randomized-controlled trial of parent-led tactile stimulation to reduce pain during infant immunization injections. Clin J Pain 2013;30(3):259-265.

  • Taddio A, Shah V, Leung E, Wang J, Parikh C, Smart S, Hetherington R, Ipp M, Pillai Riddell R, Sgro M, Jovicic A, Franck L. Knowledge translation of the HELPinKIDS clinical practice guideline for managing childhood vaccination pain: usability and knowledge uptake of educational materials directed to new parents. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13:23 (DOI:10.1186/1471-2431-13-23).

  • Gidudu JF, Walco GA, Taddio A, Zempsky WT, Halperin SA, Calugar A, Gibbs NA, Henning R, Jovancevic M, Netterlid E, O’Connor T, Oleske JM, Varricchio F, Tsai TF, Seifert H, Schuind AE. Immunization site pain: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2012:30(30):4558-4577.

  • Taddio A, Ipp M, Thivakaran S, Jamal A, Parikh C, Smart S, Sovran J, Stephens D, Katz J. Survey of the prevalence of immunization non-compliance due to needle fears in children and adults. Vaccine 2012:30(32):4807-4812.

  • Taddio A, Hogan M-E, Gerges S, Girgis A, Moyer P, Wang L, Ho T, Murphy C, Greenberg S, Ipp M. Addressing parental concerns about pain during childhood vaccination: is there enough time to include pain management in the ambulatory setting? Clin J Pain. 2012;28(3):238-242.

  • Taddio A. New clinical practice guidelines for pain management during routine childhood vaccination – what pharmacists need to know. Can Pharm J 2011;144:114-115.

  • Ipp M, Taddio A. Pain management during vaccination: recommendations from a Canadian clinical practice guideline. Paediatr Child Health 2011;16:541-543.

  • Kikuta A, Gardezi F, Dubey V, Taddio A. Practices and perceptions about pain and pain management during routine childhood immunizations: findings from a focus-group study with nurses working in Toronto Public Health. Can J Infect Dis & Med Microbiol; 2011;22:1-6.

  • Taddio A, Hogan M-E, Moyer P, Girgis A, Gerges S, Wang L, Ipp M. Evaluation of the reliability, validity and practicality of 3 measures of acute pain in infants undergoing immunization injections. Vaccine 2011;29(7):1390-1394.

  • Taddio A, Lord A, Hogan ME, Kikuta A, Yiu A, Darra E, Bruinse B, Keogh T, Stephens D. A randomized controlled trial of analgesia during vaccination in adults. Vaccine 2010;28:5365-5369.

  • Parvez E, Stinson J, Boon H, Goldman J, Shah V, Taddio A. Mothers’ beliefs about analgesia during childhood immunization. Paediatr Child Health; 2010;15:289-293.

  • Hogan ME, Kikuta A, Taddio A. A systematic review of measures for reducing injection pain during adult immunization. Vaccine 2010; 28:1514-1521.

  • Taddio A, O’Brien L, Ipp M, Stephens D, Goldbach M, Koren G. Reliability and validity of observer ratings of pain using the visual analog scale (VAS) in infants undergoing immunization injections. Pain 2009;147(1-3):141-146.

  • Taddio A, Chambers C, Halperin S, Ipp M, Lockett D, Rieder MJ, Shah V. Inadequate pain management during childhood immunization: the nerve of it. Clin Ther 2009; 31 (Suppl 2):S152-S167.

  • Taddio A, Ilersich AL, Ipp M, Kikuta A, Shah V: HELPinKIDS Team. Physical interventions and injection techniques for reducing injection pain during routine childhood immunizations: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Clin Ther 2009;31 (Suppl 2):S48-S76.

  • Shah V, Taddio A, Rieder MJ: HELPinKIDS Team. Effectiveness and tolerability of pharmacological and combined interventions for reducing injection pain during routine childhood immunizations: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Ther 2009;31 (Suppl 2):S104-S151.

  • Chambers C, Taddio A, Uman LS, McMurtry CM: HELPinKIDS Team. Psychological interventions for reducing pain and distress during routine childhood immunizations: a systematic review. Clin Ther 2009; 31 (Suppl 2):S77-S103.

  • Ipp M, Parkin PC, Lear N, Goldbach M, Taddio A. Order of vaccine injection determines infant pain response. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:469-472.

Proceedings from 2008 Stakeholder Workshop